INTEGRATED DISEASE SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE.

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ANIMAL| STUNNING TYPES, PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES.

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  INTRODUCTION. The aim of stunning is to render the animal unconscious as soon as possible so as to prevent pain and suffering during the killing process. The stunning process ensures the animal is unconscious and insensible to pain before being bled out at slaughter. Common stunning methods include electrical stunning. The animal must remain unconscious until death. The need for stunning is acknowledged all over the world, and no slaughtering may be done at an abattoir unless the animal has been stunned in the approved manner. Whether stunning is to be achieved by means of electric or captive bolt apparatus, the apparatus concerned shall be examined and tested before use each and every day it is to be used, and at TYPES OF STUNNING. 1.       CAPTIVE BOLT STUNNING The contact-firing types of captive bolt pistol  are much more satisfactory than the trigger-operated ones, only a light tap on the animal’s head being necessary to fire them....
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ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY.

 INTRODUCTION The course focuses on the principles of environmental epidemiology, its practical applications for investigation of public health problems, planning, implementation and evaluation of intervention strategies to deal with environmental challenges.. UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY : UNIT 2: CONCEPTS USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGY : UNIT 3: MEASURES OF FREQUENCY OF HEALTH EVENTS: 3.1 Ratio, proportion and rates; 3.2 Fertility rates 3.2.1 Birth rate; 3.2.2 General fertility rate 3.2.3 Age specific rate 3.3 Measures of morbidity 3.3.1 Incidence rate 3.3.2 Prevalence rate 3.3.3 Attack rate 3.4 Measures of mortality 3.4.1 Crude mortality rate 3.4.2 Infant mortality rate 3.4.3 Case fatality rate 3.4.4 Proportionate mortality 3.5 Demography UNIT 4: EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND ESTIMATIONS 4.1 Concept of exposure assessment 4.2 Exposure pathways and media 4.3 Dose (administered dose, absorbed dose or up take dose, and active or biological  effective dose); 4.4 Multiple exposur...
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COMMUNICABLE AND NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

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  INTRODUCTION The course is designed to prepare students with appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes to enable them identify and prevent and control various diseases. COURSE AIM: To apply knowledge and skills of communicable and non-communicable diseases in aprofessional attitude UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICABLE DISEASES UNIT 2: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES UNIT 3: NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES: UNIT 4: LEGISLATION ON COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
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