ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY.

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 INTRODUCTION

The course focuses on the principles of environmental epidemiology, its practical applications for investigation of public health problems, planning, implementation and evaluation of intervention strategies to deal with environmental challenges..

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY:

UNIT 2: CONCEPTS USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGY:

UNIT 3: MEASURES OF FREQUENCY OF HEALTH EVENTS:

3.1 Ratio, proportion and rates;

3.2 Fertility rates

3.2.1 Birth rate;

3.2.2 General fertility rate

3.2.3 Age specific rate

3.3 Measures of morbidity

3.3.1 Incidence rate

3.3.2 Prevalence rate

3.3.3 Attack rate

3.4 Measures of mortality

3.4.1 Crude mortality rate

3.4.2 Infant mortality rate

3.4.3 Case fatality rate

3.4.4 Proportionate mortality

3.5 Demography

UNIT 4: EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND ESTIMATIONS

4.1 Concept of exposure assessment

4.2 Exposure pathways and media

4.3 Dose (administered dose, absorbed dose or up take dose, and active or biological

 effective dose);

4.4 Multiple exposure factors;

4.5 Interactive effects;

4.6 Environmental monitoring of exposure;

4.7 Biological monitoring of exposure

4.8 Sources of data for exposure estimates.

UNIT 5: ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT:

5.1 Concepts used in risk assessment

5.2 Risk assessment procedure

5.2.1 Hazard identification

5.2.2 Exposure assessment

5.2.3 Dose response relationship

5.2.4 Risk characterization.

5.2.5 Risk management and communication

UNIT 6: HEALTH EFFECTS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL

 FACTORS:

6.1 Gastrointestinal effects

6.2 Respiratory effects

6.3 Reproductive effects

6.4 Neurological disorders

6.5 Cancers

UNIT 7: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES:

7.1 Descriptive studies

7.2 Analytical studies

7.3 Experimental studies.

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