BIPOLAR DISORDER (F31)

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 Bipolar mood disorder which used to be called manic-depression, is a psychotic mood disorder that affects mood, thinking and behavior. It is characterized by recurrent swings between mania and depression, this is why has often referred to as manic-depressive psychosis. The dramatic shift in mood, emotions and energy level which usually moves from extreme low mood and extreme high mood don't happen moment to moment, they usually happen over several days to weeks. The mood is not stable during an episode as a result it is difficulty to treat because of continuous cyclical or mood shifting.

Bipolar mood disorder is an affective (observed mood) disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, thought, energy, activity levels and ability to carry out daily activities characterized by episode of mania and depression. The changes in mood can last for hours, days, weeks or even months.

The actual cause is unknown. However, there are some predisposing factors such as: family history of bipolar disorder, some drugs or medication may trigger manic episodes especially the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), substance abuse, personality disorders, anxiety disorders etc.

There are few different types of bipolar disorders, but there are some common features.

* Bipolar I disorder

* Bipolar II disorder

* Cyclothymia

Bipolar I disorder, this is characterized by one or more manic episodes. The episodes last at least 7 days or manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate hospital care. A person can also present with severe depressive episodes lasting for at least 1 week or move.

Bipolar II disorder

This is characterized by a pattern of depressive episodes shifting back and fourth with hypo manic episodes and not full blown manic or mixed episodes. They are less extreme and do not last long. Here, the person experience similar severe mood lows as in bipolar I but with hypo manic episode which are less severe and lasts for at least 4 days.

Cyclothymia also called cyclothymic disorder is characterized by chronic mood fluctuations that do not reach the level of a full manic or depressive episode. The symptoms are relatively mild compared to bipolar I or bipolar II, they recur within two months each time. People who have cyclothymia have episodes of hypomania shift back and fourth with mild depression for atleast 2 years.



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